Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2013, International Scientific Association rauProbioticsthiab Prebiotics (ISAPP) rov txhais lub tswvyim ntawm probiotics, hais tias probiotics yogcov kab mob muaj sia nyob uas, thaum siv cov nyiaj txaus, muab cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv rau tus tswv tsev. Cov ntsiab lus no tau dhau los ua qhov kev pom zoo thoob ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb thiab ua lub hauv paus rau kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam hauv tib neeg kev noj haus thiab tsiaj txhu.
Probiotics sawv cev rau ntau pawg ntawm cov kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig. Kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua tau ua pov thawj tias qee yam kab mob microbial nyob -thaum siv tau thiab xa tawm ntawm cov tshuaj noj tau zoo- tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub plab microbiota, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob, txhim kho kev nqus zaub mov, thiab txo qis cov kab mob pathogenic hauv cov tsiaj. Yog li ntawd, txhua yam kab mob ua tau raws li cov qauv kev ua haujlwm no tuaj yeem raug cais raws li probiotic.
Feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob probiotic siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb yogGram{0}}cov kab mob zoo, paub txog lawv qhov kev nyab xeeb profile thiab compatibility nrog digestive ib puag ncig. Feem ntau siv probiotics hauv cov tsiaj nyeg muaj xws li:
Cov kab mob lactic acid (LAB)
Enterococci
Hom kab mob Bacillus
Xaiv cov poov xab
Ntawm cov no,lactic acid bacteria (LAB)yog cov feem ntau kawm thiab dav siv pab pawg nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj pub ntau lawm vim lawv tej yam ntuj tso muaj nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov thiab fermented zaub mov. Key LAB genera thiab hom niaj hnub muab tso rau hauv cov tsiaj noj muaj xws li:
Lactobacillushom:
Lactobacillus acidophilus(tam sim no feem ntau cais hauv qabLimosalos yogApilactobacillus)
Lactobacillus kab mob
Lactobacillus plantarum
Lactobacillus fermentum
Lactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.cov lactis(yav tas losLactobacillus lactis)
Lactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricus(yav tas losLactobacillus bulgaricus)
Lactobacillus reuteri
Pediococcushom:
Pediococcus acidilactici
Pediococcus pentosaceus
Enterococcushom:
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus lactis
Txawm hais tias lawv cov txiaj ntsig pov thawj hauv kev hloov kho cov hnyuv thiab txhim kho kev noj zaub mov zoo, ntau cov kab mob lactic acid nthuav tawm.txwv ib puag ncig stability. Lawv feem ntau rhiab heev rau cov cua sov, oxygen, gastric acid, thiab cov kua tsib ntsev, uas ua rau muaj sia nyob tsis zoo thaum lub sij hawm noj mov (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pelleting), cia, thiab dhau mus rau lub plab zom mov. Txhawm rau kov yeej qhov kev txwv no, cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho qib siab- xws li microencapsulation, cryoprotection, khov- ziab, thiab matrix embedding- yog ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv cell viability thiab xyuas kom txaus xa mus rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub plab.
Raws li ntawmLub Rau Hli 2025, covMinistry of Agriculture thiab Rural Affairs ntawm Tuam Tshoj (MARA)tau tso cai pom zoo cov kab mob microbial hauv qab no rau kev siv los ua cov khoom noj ntxiv, categorized los ntawm kev tso cai daim ntawv thov:
✅ Pom zoo Microbial Strains nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj's Pub Additive Catalog (Hloov Kho Lub Rau Hli 2025)
1. Siv dav dav thoob plaws tsiaj txhu, nqaij qaib, Aquaculture, Tsiaj txhu (Dog & Miv):
Cov kab no tau raug tshem tawm kom dav suav nrog hauv cov khoom noj sib xyaw thiab ua ntej rau ntau hom tsiaj, suav nrog npua, nqaij qaib, ruminants, ntses, cws, dev, thiab miv.
Bacillus licheniformis
Bacillus subtilis
Bifidobacterium bifidum
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus lactis
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Lactobacillus kab mob
Lactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.cov lactis(yav dhau losL. lactis)
Lactobacillus plantarum
Pediococcus acidilactici
Pediococcus pentosaceus
Candida siv(ua microbial protein)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae(brewer's lossis baker's poov xab)
Rhodopseudomonas palustris(photosynthetic kab mob, txhawb lub pas dej ecology)
Bifidobacterium infantis
Bifidobacterium longum
Bifidobacterium breve
Bifidobacterium tub ntxhais hluas
Streptococcus thermophilus
Lactobacillus reuteri
Bifidobacterium animalis
Aspergillus niger(enzyme- tsim pwm, pab cuam fiber ntau)
Aspergillus oryzae yog qhov txawv txav(siv hauv fermentation thiab enzyme synthesis)
Bacillus lentus
Bacillus puag
Lactobacillus cellobiosus
Lactobacillus fermentum
Lactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricus
🔍 Nco tseg:Ntau qhov kev hloov kho taxonomic qhia txog kev nkag siab phylogenetic tam sim no. Piv txwv li, ib txhiaLactobacillushom tau muab faib ua cov genera tshiab raws li tag nrho - genome tsom xam (xws li,Limosilactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus), txawm hais tias lawv tseem ua haujlwm tau lees paub tias yog probiotics.
2. Pom zoo rau Silage thiab Ruminant Feeds (piv txwv li, Mis nyuj / nyuj nyuj):
Cov kab no txhawb kev ua kom muaj zog los ntawm kev ua kom cov lactic acid ntau lawm, txo cov pH sai, thiab inhibiting spoilage kab mob.
Propionibacterium acidipropionici cov kab mob- Txhim kho propionic acid tsim, txhim kho aerobic stability ntawm silage
Lactobacillus buchneri- Txhim kho lub neej ntawm silage los ntawm kev txwv cov poov xab loj hlob thiab txo qis cua sov thaum pub- tawm
🧪 Kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv: Kev suav nrogLb. buchneri uatxo cov teeb meem qhuav poob mus txog 30% thaum lub sij hawm ntev raug rau huab cua, ua rau nws tseem ceeb rau niaj hnub high - pob kws ntub dej thiab alfalfa silage tswj.
3. Pom zoo tshwj xeeb rau Silage nkaus xwb:
Lactobacillus paracasei- pab txhawb kom ceev acidification thiab ruaj khov fermentation hauv kev khaws zaub mov
4. Rau broilers, Grower-Npua tiav, hom dej, dev, thiab miv:
Bacillus coagulans- spore- tsim cov tshuaj lactic acid uas muaj zog thermal thiab gastric tsis kam; ruaj khov heev hauv pelleted pub
Tshwj xeeb kom zoo dua: Ciaj sia muaj kev lag luam yam tsis muaj encapsulation, colonizes transiently, tsim lactic acid thiab antimicrobial tebchaw.
5. Rau broiler Chickens, Ducks, Swine, thiab Cw:
Brevibacillus laterosporus(yav tas losBacillus laterosporus) - nthuav tawm ob txoj haujlwm: kev txhawb nqa probiotic thiab biocontrol tiv thaiv kab mob xws liE. colithiabVibrio swb.hauv aquaculture
Paub txog kev tsim cov lipopeptides tshwj xeeb nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob
6. Tso cai tshwj xeeb rau Broiler Chickens:
Bacillus velezensis- lub hnub qub tshwm sim hauv kev tsim cov nqaij qaib kom ruaj khov
Ua ib pawg ntawm bioactive metabolites (surfactins, iturins, bacillomycins) uas inhibitsClostridium perfringens, Salmonella, thiabCampylobacter
Txhim kho villi txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev noj zaub mov digestibility
Tau txais traction raws li kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob loj hlob (AGP) lwm txoj
🌱 Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Probiotics nyob rau niaj hnub Sustainable Tsiaj Production
Nrog rau kev nce siab thoob ntiaj teb los txo kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov tsiaj nyeg, probiotics tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm cov tshuaj niche raucov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj qab haus huv- taw qhia, tshuaj tua kab mob- pub dawb pub dawb. Lawv cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv dhau qhov yooj yim hloov microbial -lawv nquag ua tus tswv tsev lub cev los ntawm:
Gut Barrier Txhim Kho: Upregulation ntawm nruj junction proteins (piv txwv li, occludin, ZO-1), txo "leaky gut" syndrome.
Immunomodulation: Kev txhawb nqa ntawm secretory IgA, kev hloov pauv ntawm T-cov hlwb tswj hwm, thiab cov lus teb cytokine sib npaug.
Kev sib tw tsis suav nrog: Ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw adhesion thiab tsim cov kab mob bacteriocins uas inhibit cov kab mob.
Kev Pabcuam Metabolic: Synthesis of vitamins (B-group, K), luv-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), thiab txhim kho kev siv nitrogen.
Kev Nyuaj Siab: Kev txo qis ntawm kev ntxhov siab thaum tshav kub kub, kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub cev, thiab kev thauj mus los - cuam tshuam dysbiosis.
Ntxiv mus, kev koom ua ke ntawmmulti-kev sib koom ua ke- sib txuas cov neeg tsim cov lactic acid, spore-formers, thiab poov xab- tam sim no suav tias yog kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws. Cov kev sib koom ua ke zoo li no muab kev pabcuam dav dav thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam hauv plab thiab muaj zog dua nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv.
🔬 Regulatory Alignment & Market Implications
Tuam Tshoj's MARA-cov npe tau pom zoo qhia txog kev tshawb fawb- tsav, pheej hmoo- kev soj ntsuam raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb tau teeb tsa los ntawm EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), FDA (USA), thiab FAO/WHO cov lus qhia. Txhua hom kab mob uas tau teev tseg yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam nruj heev rau:
Hom- qib kev txheeb xyuas (ntawm 16S rRNA + tag nrho-genome sequencing)
Tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hloov pauv tau
Kev tshuaj ntsuam toxicity thiab pathogenicity
Cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo raws li -cov xwm txheej hauv ntiaj teb
Qhov kev tswj xyuas kom meej tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb xwb tab sis kuj txhawb nqa kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev ua kom muaj tseeb, kev xaiv lim, thiab lub hom phiaj xa khoom.